The Development of the Rider's Seat
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When discussing the aids, the rider’s seat, legs and hands act concurrently to create the desired result in the horse. That being said, the rider’s seat is the foundation of the aids. The rein and leg aids are secondary. As stated in the book Advanced Dressage
A good seat cannot be depicted graphically as pictures cannot emphasize or illustrate the importance of relaxation and fell. Therefore, it is essential for the rider to understand the premise of a good seat physiologically. But the actual obtaining of a good seat can only be done through persistent, correct and disciplined riding. Forcing a static posture will inevitably result in tension or stiffness, which eliminated the rider’s ability to remain relaxed and supple. Just as the force at the end of a lever is magnified, so to is the tension and stiffness of the rider through the reins and saddle. The end result of tension in the rider is tension and stiffness in the horse. As we look at the training pyramid, we see that relaxation is vital to the development of the horse from the very early stages of training. It must be stated then that the development of a good seat is essential not only to the progression of the rider, but also to that of the horse.
Essentials of a good seat
Balance
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In order to achieve balance, the rider must sit correctly in the lowest part of the saddle without gripping or contracting his muscles. His back should remain supple and relaxed so it can adequately absorb the concussion of the horse’s hooves. The controlled relaxation of the rider’s back also aids in the rider’s ability to follow the horse’s movement. He should establish a three-point seat, where the weight is distributed equally on the two sitting/seat bones. The pubic bone should also maintain contact with the saddle. The torso should be held upright with the top of the pelvis tipping forward slightly. This allows the lumbar spine to have a slight concave curvature. This curvature should be natural and unforced. It should not be mistaken with the negative hollowing of the back. Hollowing the back creates tensions and removes the sitting bones from the saddle, which impedes the rider’s ability to absorb the shock of the horse’s movement.
Relaxation
When discussing relaxation, it is imperative to understand that relaxation does not mean limpness. It simply means that the rider must have voluntary control over his muscles. In order for the rider to maintain a good seat, he must have control over each individual muscle group and use them in the appropriate fashion. Once the rider has developed his balance and confidence, it can often be helpful for the rider to perform some exercises while mounted such as looking from side to side, making arm circles, circles with the foot and to some extent mounted games. These can help create relaxation if the rider possesses some tension. It must be said that these exercises should be used sparingly and not at the demise of the rider’s balance. Relaxation also comes from riding outside of the lesson/arena setting. A trail ride or hack out can do a great deal for helping the rider to relax while mounted. Finally, developing a strong core and adequate musculature can be done through a well-designed exercise program that focuses on developing such muscles. Yoga
Following the Horse’s Movement
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The last major fundamental in establishing a good seat is learning to follow the horse’s movement. Because the reins and legs can be used to perform many of the same things that the seat controls, it is essential that the rider learn the importance of having an effective seat. A passive seat is one that follows the horse’s movement perfectly. This encourages the horse to continue on in the same manner. If the rider wants to lengthen the stride, he should use a driving seat. The driving seat is similar to that used when pushing a swing higher or like polishing the saddle from back to front. When the rider wishes for the horse to come back, he should use a stilled seat. The stilled seat is created by growing tall, dropping the heels and tightening the abdominal muscles as if performing a sit up exercise. This essentially stops the hips and seat and can either half halt the horse or if held long cause the downward transition.
As outlined above, the benefits of developing a good seat are immeasurable when training the dressage horse. The seat is the foundation of all aids and the premise of all good riding. The seat is the primary aid and is used to control rhythm, speed, length of stride and downward transitions. It is essential that the rider go to the seat first with modifying any of the aforementioned because use of the reins only will stop the energy of the hind legs. Using the seat by varying the degree of movement, allows the horse to maintain his energy while performing the required tasks. The seat can be passive, driving or stilled. The passive seat tells the horse to continue doing what it is currently doing. The driving seat (like polishing the saddle from back to front) lengthens the stride. The stilled seat brings the horse back or aids in the downward transition. Because of its importance, the rider must understand the fundamentals of developing a good seat – balance, relaxation and following the movement.
In The Moves -
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Travers Defined
The travers is also known as head to the wall. The horse is bent around the rider's inside leg in the direction of travel and should step forwards and sideways with the outside legs. Travers is performed at either the collected trot or collected canter, however, the walk can be used for introducing the movement. The forehand remains on the track. The quarters leave the track at the beginning of the travers and are not returned to the track until the end of the travers. Upon returning to the track, there should be no counter flexion of the poll or neck. In this movement, the head will remain closest to the outside of the arena or wall.
How to Execute the Travers
Start in the walk.
Ride the short side of the arena with good bend through the corner.
Continue down the long side, position the horse's forehead looking forward down the track.
Keep the bend using the leg and hand while positioning the shoulders.
Slide the outside leg back and with light, intermittent touches, move the haunches off the track. Light touches can also be done with the whip on the horse's outside flank.
After a few steps, reward the horse and straighten while proceeding onward.
Notes:
The horse should be rounded, relaxed and maintaining good rhythm before beginning this exercise.
It is often beneficial to ride shoulder in prior to starting this exercise.
The horse should bend around the inside leg.
The rider's shoulders should be parallel to the horse's shoulders.
The outside rein controls the movement forward and sideways, as well as the outside shoulder.
Half halts on the outside rein will maintain control of the outside shoulder.
When applying the outside leg, the rider must continue touching the horse with the inside leg at the girth to maintain the bend.
This exercise can be performed in all three gaits.
Purpose of the Travers
To develop lateral suppleness.
To develop the trot.
To aid in the development of the collected trot.
Common Errors in Execution
The horse loses cadence.
The horse does not step under properly from behind.
Too much bend in the horse's neck.
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